首先更新软件源并安装 MySQL。
1 2 sudo apt update sudo apt install mysql-server
检查一下服务是否正常启动。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 sudo service mysql status ● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-12-12 09:15:19 UTC; 20min ago Main PID: 23378 (mysqld) Status: "Server is operational" Tasks: 37 (limit: 28547) Memory: 356.2M CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service └─23378 /usr/sbin/mysqld Dec 12 09:15:19 instance-test systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server... Dec 12 09:15:19 instance-test systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.
接下来连接一下测试安装是否成功。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 sudo mysql -u root use mysql; SELECT Host, User, authentication_string FROM user; +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Host | User | authentication_string | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | localhost | debian-sys-maint | ********************************************************************** | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | root | | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以看到，这里 root 账号只有 localhost，且密码为空，需要我们手动设置密码并配置远程连接。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password'; CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION; SELECT Host, User, authentication_string FROM user; +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Host | User | authentication_string | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | % | root | ********************************************************************** | | localhost | debian-sys-maint | ********************************************************************** | | localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | | localhost | root | ********************************************************************** | +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) flush privileges; exit
仅在这里配置还不够，我们还需要修改 MySQL 的配置文件。
1 2 sudo service mysql stop sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
将 bind-address 前加上注释符号 #，或将后面的值改为 0.0.0.0。
重新启动 MySQL 服务。
1 sudo service mysql start
在其他计算机上尝试连接此 MySQL 服务器。
1 2 mysql -h xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx -u root -p Enter password:
如果遇到了报错 ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can’t connect to MySQL server on ‘xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:3306’ (10060)，则可能是防火墙的问题，需要开放 3306 端口。但是，别忘了 ssh 的 22 端口。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 sudo ufw allow 22 sudo ufw allow 3306/tcp sudo ufw reload sudo ufw enable sudo ufw status verbose Status: active Logging: on (low) Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed) New profiles: skip To Action From -- ------ ---- 22 ALLOW IN Anywhere 3306/tcp ALLOW IN Anywhere 22 (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6) 3306/tcp (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
然后移除 iptables 防火墙，不然会冲突，ufw 规则不会生效。
1 2 sudo apt purge netfilter-persistent sudo reboot
再次尝试连接，就成功啦！
